The Shifted Turan Sieve Method on Tournaments

This article has been published in a revised form in the Canadian Mathematical Bulletin http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/S000843951900016X. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. Copyright © Canadian Mathematical Society 2019.Abstract. We construct a shi ed version of the Turán sieve method developed by R. Murty and the second author and apply it to counting problems on tournaments. More precisely, we obtain upper bounds for the number of tournaments which contain a fixed number of restricted r-cycles. These are the first concrete results which count the number of cycles over “all tournaments”.Research partially supported by NSERC Discovery Grants || CAPES and CSF/CNPQ, Brazil

Redes de Colaboração e Contribuições da RENOTE

O presente trabalho apresenta um panorama geral das contribuições e das redesde colaboração criadas por esta importante revista na área de educação e informática, em comemoração à sua 40ª edição, publicada em 2019. Para tanto, foram considerados os processos de descoberta de conhecimento em bases de dados, a tarefa de mineração de textos, métodos de análises de dados e conceitos de teoria de grafos. A base de dados utilizada possui informações referentes a todos os dados bibliográficos da RENOTE (17 anos), e é formada por 1.866 artigos, 3.052 autores e a colaboração entre seus pares. Tratase de uma apresentação neutra, restrita aos dados disponíveis, que visa fomentar a importância do tema no cenário acadêmico

An induced population of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes more resistant to complement lysis promotes a phenotype with greater differentiation, invasiveness, and release of extracellular vesicles

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by , which uses blood-feeding triatomine bugs as a vector to finally infect mammalian hosts. Upon entering the host, the parasite needs to effectively evade the attack of the complement system and quickly invade cells to guarantee an infection. In order to accomplish this, expresses different molecules on its surface and releases extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we have selected a population of epimastigotes (a replicative form) from through two rounds of exposure to normal human serum (NHS), to reach 30% survival (2R population). This 2R population was characterized in several aspects and compared to Wild type population. The 2R population had a favored metacyclogenesis compared with wild-type (WT) parasites. 2R metacyclic trypomastigotes had a two-fold increase in resistance to complementmediated lysis and were at least three times more infective to eukaryotic cells, probably due to a higher GP82 expression in the resistant population. Moreover, we have shown that EVs from resistant parasites can transfer the invasive phenotype to the WT population. In addition, we showed that the virulence phenotype of the selected population remains in the trypomastigote form derived from cell culture, which is more infective and also has a higher rate of release of trypomastigotes from infected cells. Altogether, these data indicate that it is possible to select parasites after exposure to a particular stress factor and that the phenotype of epimastigotes remained in the infective stage. Importantly, EVs seem to be an important virulence fator increasing mechanism in this context of survival and persistence in the host

An induced population of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes more resistant to complement lysis promotes a phenotype with greater differentiation, invasiveness, and release of extracellular vesicles

IntroductionChagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which uses blood-feeding triatomine bugs as a vector to finally infect mammalian hosts. Upon entering the host, the parasite needs to effectively evade the attack of the complement system and quickly invade cells to guarantee an infection. In order to accomplish this, T. cruzi expresses different molecules on its surface and releases extracellular vesicles (EVs).MethodsHere, we have selected a population of epimastigotes (a replicative form) from T. cruzi through two rounds of exposure to normal human serum (NHS), to reach 30% survival (2R population). This 2R population was characterized in several aspects and compared to Wild type population.ResultsThe 2R population had a favored metacyclogenesis compared with wild-type (WT) parasites. 2R metacyclic trypomastigotes had a two-fold increase in resistance to complementmediated lysis and were at least three times more infective to eukaryotic cells, probably due to a higher GP82 expression in the resistant population. Moreover, we have shown that EVs from resistant parasites can transfer the invasive phenotype to the WT population. In addition, we showed that the virulence phenotype of the selected population remains in the trypomastigote form derived from cell culture, which is more infective and also has a higher rate of release of trypomastigotes from infected cells.ConclusionsAltogether, these data indicate that it is possible to select parasites after exposure to a particular stress factor and that the phenotype of epimastigotes remained in the infective stage. Importantly, EVs seem to be an important virulence fator increasing mechanism in this context of survival and persistence in the host

Constraints on the structure and seasonal variations of Triton's atmosphere from the 5 October 2017 stellar occultation and previous observations

Context. A stellar occultation by Neptune's main satellite, Triton, was observed on 5 October 2017 from Europe, North Africa, and the USA. We derived 90 light curves from this event, 42 of which yielded a central flash detection. Aims. We aimed at constraining Triton's atmospheric structure and the seasonal variations of its atmospheric pressure since the Voyager 2 epoch (1989). We also derived the shape of the lower atmosphere from central flash analysis. Methods. We used Abel inversions and direct ray-tracing code to provide the density, pressure, and temperature profiles in the altitude range similar to 8 km to similar to 190 km, corresponding to pressure levels from 9 mu bar down to a few nanobars. Results. (i) A pressure of 1.18 +/- 0.03 mu bar is found at a reference radius of 1400 km (47 km altitude). (ii) A new analysis of the Voyager 2 radio science occultation shows that this is consistent with an extrapolation of pressure down to the surface pressure obtained in 1989. (iii) A survey of occultations obtained between 1989 and 2017 suggests that an enhancement in surface pressure as reported during the 1990s might be real, but debatable, due to very few high S/N light curves and data accessible for reanalysis. The volatile transport model analysed supports a moderate increase in surface pressure, with a maximum value around 2005-2015 no higher than 23 mu bar. The pressures observed in 1995-1997 and 2017 appear mutually inconsistent with the volatile transport model presented here. (iv) The central flash structure does not show evidence of an atmospheric distortion. We find an upper limit of 0.0011 for the apparent oblateness of the atmosphere near the 8 km altitude.J.M.O. acknowledges financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the European Social Fund (ESF) through the PhD grant SFRH/BD/131700/2017. The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's H2020 2014-2021 ERC grant Agreement nffi 669416 "Lucky Star". We thank S. Para who supported some travels to observe the 5 October 2017 occultation. T.B. was supported for this research by an appointment to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Post-Doctoral Program at the Ames Research Center administered by Universities Space Research Association (USRA) through a contract with NASA. We acknowledge useful exchanges with Mark Gurwell on the ALMA CO observations. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. J.L.O., P.S.-S., N.M. and R.D. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), they also acknowledge the financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-2017-84637-R and the Proyecto de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucia J.A. 2012-FQM1776. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no. 687378, as part of the project "Small Bodies Near and Far" (SBNAF). P.S.-S. acknowledges financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-RTI2018-098657-J-I00 "LEO-SBNAF". The work was partially based on observations made at the Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica (LNA), Itajuba-MG, Brazil. The following authors acknowledge the respective CNPq grants: F.B.-R. 309578/2017-5; R.V.-M. 304544/2017-5, 401903/2016-8; J.I.B.C. 308150/2016-3 and 305917/2019-6; M.A. 427700/20183, 310683/2017-3, 473002/2013-2. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (CAPES) -Finance Code 001 and the National Institute of Science and Technology of the e-Universe project (INCT do e-Universo, CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). G.B.R. acknowledges CAPES-FAPERJ/PAPDRJ grant E26/203.173/2016 and CAPES-PRINT/UNESP grant 88887.571156/2020-00, M.A. FAPERJ grant E26/111.488/2013 and A.R.G.Jr. FAPESP grant 2018/11239-8. B.E.M. thanks CNPq 150612/2020-6 and CAPES/Cofecub-394/2016-05 grants. Part of the photometric data used in this study were collected in the frame of the photometric observations with the robotic and remotely controlled telescope at the University of Athens Observatory (UOAO; Gazeas 2016). The 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope is operated on Helmos Observatory by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. Observations with the 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope were carried out under OPTICON programme. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730890. This material reflects only the authors views and the Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The 1. 2m Kryoneri telescope is operated by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA) is managed by the Fondazione Clement Fillietroz-ONLUS, which is supported by the Regional Government of the Aosta Valley, the Town Municipality of Nus and the "Unite des Communes valdotaines Mont-Emilius". The 0.81 m Main Telescope at the OAVdA was upgraded thanks to a Shoemaker NEO Grant 2013 from The Planetary Society. D.C. and J.M.C. acknowledge funds from a 2017 'Research and Education' grant from Fondazione CRT-Cassa di Risparmio di Torino. P.M. acknowledges support from the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia ref. PTDC/FISAST/29942/2017 through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE 2020 (ref. POCI010145 FEDER007672). F.J. acknowledges Jean Luc Plouvier for his help. S.J.F. and C.A. would like to thank the UCL student support observers: Helen Dai, Elise Darragh-Ford, Ross Dobson, Max Hipperson, Edward Kerr-Dineen, Isaac Langley, Emese Meder, Roman Gerasimov, Javier Sanjuan, and Manasvee Saraf. We are grateful to the CAHA, OSN and La Hita Observatory staffs. This research is partially based on observations collected at Centro Astronomico HispanoAleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by Junta de Andalucia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IAA-CSIC). This research was also partially based on observation carried out at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada (OSN) operated by Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). This article is also based on observations made with the Liverpool Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. Partially based on observations made with the Tx40 and Excalibur telescopes at the Observatorio Astrofisico de Javalambre in Teruel, a Spanish Infraestructura Cientifico-Tecnica Singular (ICTS) owned, managed and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Fisica del Cosmos de Aragon (CEFCA). Tx40 and Excalibur are funded with the Fondos de Inversiones de Teruel (FITE). A.R.R. would like to thank Gustavo Roman for the mechanical adaptation of the camera to the telescope to allow for the observation to be recorded. R.H., J.F.R., S.P.H. and A.S.L. have been supported by the Spanish projects AYA2015-65041P and PID2019-109467GB-100 (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19. Our great thanks to Omar Hila and their collaborators in Atlas Golf Marrakech Observatory for providing access to the T60cm telescope. TRAPPIST is a project funded by the Belgian Fonds (National) de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under grant PDR T.0120.21. TRAPPIST-North is a project funded by the University of Liege, and performed in collaboration with Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakesh. E.J. is a FNRS Senior Research Associate

Extremal Product-one free sequences in some non-abelian groups and shifted turan sieve method on tournaments

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T08:19:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese090.pdf: 885986 bytes, checksum: ab1836747a51f3405432caf8233fe0aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 6Essa tese está dividida em duas partes: Parte I: Problemas de soma-zero inversos. Nós começamos apresentando uma visão geral sobre a Teoria de Soma-Zero. Em particular, apresentamos os principais resultados e conjecturas acerca dos seguintes invariantes: Constante de Davenport, Constante de Erd}os-Ginzburg-Ziv e Constanten (sem pesos ou com pesos f1g). Depois, focamos na constante de Davenport: esse invariante denota o menor inteiro positivo D(G) tal que qualquer sequência S de elementos de G, com comprimento jSj D(G), contém uma subsequência com produto 1 em alguma ordem, onde G é um grupo finito escrito multiplicativamente. J. Bass [6] determinou a constante de Davenport dos grupos metacíclicos (em alguns casos especiais) e dicíclicos e J. J. Zhuang e W. D. Gao [88] determinaram a constante de Davenport dos grupos diedrais. Em conjunto com F. E. Brochero Martínez (ver [11] e [12]), para cada um desses grupos não abelianos nós exibimos todas as sequências de tamanho máximo que são livres de subsequências com produto 1. Nós concluímos apresentando as Propriedades B, C e D, que são, em geral, conjecturasde extrema importância no estudo dos problemas inversos. Parte II: O crivo de Turán deslocado aplicado a torneios. Nós começamos apresentando uma visão geral sobre alguns problemas famosos quepodem ser resolvidos parcialmente ou totalmente usando a Teoria do Crivo. Após isso, construímos uma versão deslocada do crivo de Turán, que foi desenvolvido por Y.-R. Liu e M. R. Murty (ver [54] e [55]), e o aplicamos a problemas de contagem de torneios em grafos, isto é, grafos completos direcionados, de acordo com o número de ciclos. Mais precisamente, obtemos cotas superiores para o número de torneiosque contêm um número pequeno de r-ciclos restritos (no caso de torneios normais e multipartidos) ou irrestritos (no caso de torneios bipartidos), como foi feito em conjunto com W. Kuo, Y.-R. Liu e K. Zhou [53]. Depois, mostramos como futuramente a teoria do crivo pode ser útil em outros contextos da Matemática, como nos problemas de soma-zero.This thesis is divided into two parts: Part I: Inverse zero-sum problems.We start presenting an overview on Zero-Sum Theory. In particular, we present the main results and conjectures concerning the following invariants: Davenport constant, Erd}os-Ginzburg-Ziv constant and n constant (either with weights f1g or unweighted as well). Afterwards, we focus on Davenport constant: this invariant denotes the smallest positive integer D(G) such that every sequence of elements in G of length jSj D(G) contains a product-1 subsequence in some order, where Gis a finite group written multiplicatively. J. Bass [6] determined the Davenport constant of metacyclic (in some special cases) and dicyclic groups, and J. J. Zhuang and W. D. Gao [88] determined the Davenportconstant of dihedral groups. In a joint work with F. E. Brochero Martínez (see [11] and [12]), for each of these non-abelian groups we exhibit all sequences of maximum length that are free of product-1 subsequences.We conclude by presenting Properties B, C, and D, which are, in general, conjectures of extreme importance in the study of inverse problems. Part II: Shifted Turán sieve on tournaments. We start presenting an overview on some famous problems which can be partially or totally resolved using Sieve Theory. Afterwards, we construct a shifted version of the Turán sieve method, developed by Y.-R. Liu and M. R. Murty (see [54] and [55]), and apply it to counting problems on tournaments in graph theory, i.e., complete directed graph, according to the number of cycles. More precisely, we obtain upper bounds for the number of tournaments which contain a small number of restricted r-cycles (in case of normal or multipartite tournaments) or unrestricted r-cycles (in case of bipartite tournaments), as done in [53]. Then, we show how the sieve theory may in the future be useful in other mathematical branches, such as zero-sumproblems

Ensino de programação para alunos do fundamental II

A partir dos impactos provocados pela rápida evolução tecnológica, vem se estabelecendo e implantando diversas formas de ensino, apoiadas em um conjunto diversificado de recursos que favorecem a sua utilização. Nesse contexto, a programação vem adquirindo mais importância não só no dia a dia, mas também na escola. Atualmente vive-se na “era tecnológica” e, sendo assim a programação torna-se um membro muito importante no desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico e inclusão digital de alunos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar, através do relato de experiência, como a disciplina de programação é relevante no ensino fundamental II de escolas públicas, sendo essa disciplina dotada de importância na aprendizagem do aluno, através de uma estratégia motivadora de transmissão de conceitos de programação. A contribuição que este trabalho apresenta é o seu relato do êxito e modelo para servir como estímulo aos demais alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Computação, demonstrando que o ensino de programação para alunos do ensino fundamental II obteve um bom resultado no desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico, bem como, despertou o interesse dos alunos pela área de programação.From the impacts caused by rapid technological change, it has been to establish and implement various forms of education, supported by a diverse set of resources that favor their use. In this context, the program has become more important, not only in everyday life but also in school. Currently, she lives in the "technological age" and therefore the schedule becomes a very important member in the development of logical reasoning and digital inclusion of students. This work aims to present, through the experience report, as the programming discipline is important in basic education in public schools II, and this discipline endowed with importance on student learning through a motivating strategy transmission programming concepts. The contribution that this work shows is your success and model history to serve as a stimulus for other graduate students in computer science, demonstrating that the programming education for elementary school II students achieved a good result in the development of logical thinking and aroused the interest of students by program area.44 f

The shifted Turan sieve method on tournaments II

The final publication is available at Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2021.112602. © 2021. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/In a previous work [5], we developed the shifted Turán sieve method on a bipartite graph and applied it to problems on cycles in tournaments. More precisely, we obtained upper bounds for the number of tournaments which contain a small number of r-cycles. In this paper, we improve our sieve inequality and apply it to obtain an upper bound for the number of bipartite tournaments which contain a number of 2r-cycles far from the average. We also provide the exact bound for the number of tournaments which contain few 3-cycles, using other combinatorial arguments.NSERC Discovery Grant, RGPIN-2020-03915 || NSERC Discovery Grant, RGPIN-03720-2016 || Ciencia sem Fronteiras/Brazil, Grant 203395/2014-0

Estudo e caracterização de processos de fabricação de microsistemas integrados (MEMS)

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Estudo e caracterização de processos de fabricação de microsistemas integrados (MEMS)

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